Frequently Asked Questions
- FAQS
- FSM Courses
-
Equipment Questions
Overview
Frequency Specific Microcurrent is a new system of treatment
using microamperage current and the resonance effects of
frequencies on tissues and conditions to create beneficial
changes in symptoms and health. Frequency Specific
Microcurrent (FSM) seminars teach frequency protocols and
discuss the observed effects of frequencies and biological
resonance on physical tissue based on clinical observations
and research. FSM seminars are NOT about the use of
microcurrent or microcurrent devices.
These are answers to some
of the most common questions.
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What is microcurrent?
Micro current is current in millionths of an ampere. An
ampere is a measure of the movement of electrons past a
point. Microamperage current is the same kind of current
your body produces on its own within each cell. This is
current in millionths of an amp. It is very small; there is
not enough current to stimulate sensory nerves so the
current flow cannot be felt. You can tell it is running by
watching the conductance meter on the machine.
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Microcurrent
history
Microcurrent was first used in the 1980s by physicians in
Europe and the US for stimulating bone repair in non-union
fractures. There are numerous studies published on the
effects of single channel microcurrent showing that it
increases the rate of healing in wounds and fractures. There
is one study showing that microamperage current between 10
and 500 micro amps increases ATP (cellular energy)
production by 500% in rat skin. Current levels between 500
and 1000 micro amps caused energy production to level off.
Current levels above 1000 micro amps caused ATP production
to decline.
There are a number of
devices on the market that can deliver micro amperage
current. All of the research and papers published on
Frequency Specific Microcurrent (FSM) have been done using a
device manufactured by Precision Microcurrent Inc. But any
microcurrent device with two independent channels that
provide three-digit specific frequencies such as 284 Hz
(rather than 280 Hz) on each channel, using a ramped square
wave and either polarized or alternating DC current can be
used.
Frequency Specific
Microcurrent (FSM) seminars teach frequency protocols and
discuss the effects of frequencies and biological resonance
on physical tissue based on clinical observations and
research. FSM seminars are NOT about the use of microcurrent
or microcurrent devices. FSM does not sell or promote
devices. FSM teaches the principles and use of biologic
resonance and frequencies.
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FDA
approved?
The Precision Microcurrent machine has a 510K certificate
from the FDA meaning that it is approved for sale. All class
II microcurrent devices will have a 510k certificate
allowing them to be marketed to physicians. The FDA does not
approve devices for sale the way it approves drugs for sale.
The 510K just means that it can be used in a medical setting
and is substantially equivalent to other devices that have
been marketed before it. FDA has approved all microcurrent
devices for sale in the category of TENS devices. TENS
devices are for pain control only and deliver milli-amperage
current. ALL TENS devices carry the same warnings
precautions and contraindications. Microcurrent devices
deliver micro amperage current not milli- amperage current
but the warnings for the device are same because all
microcurrent devices are approved in the category of TENS
devices.
The FDA regulates claims
that can be made about therapies, drugs and devices. The
claims made for the device can only be those claims that
could be made for any device approved in that class of
devices and what has been published in a peer reviewed
journal regarding its use. Precision Microcurrent and
Precision Distributing cannot and do not make any claims
about the uses of the Precision Microcurrent device or any
microcurrent device or microamperage current beyond what is
allowed by the FDA for the class of TENS devices and what
has been published in articles in peer reviewed journals.
All TENS devices are approved for pain management. .
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Effects of
microcurrent
In 1982 Ngok Cheng published, The Effect of Electric
Currents on ATP Generation, Protein Synthesis and Membrane
Transport in Rat Skin in Clinical Orthopedics volume 171:
pages 264-272. This study showed that microcurrent increased
ATP production in rat skin by 500%. ATP is the chemical that
the body uses for energy. The current also increased amino
acid transport into the cell by 70% and waste product
removal. The implications for human healing and repair are
obvious. ATP production was increased as long as the current
was below 500 microamps. When the authors increased the
current to 1000 micro amps, or one milliamp, a current range
delivered by TENS devices and other types of electrical
stimulation therapies, the ATP production was actually
reduced.
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Frequencies
and the Development of FSM
In the early 1900’s, before 1934, medical physicians and
osteopaths were using electromagnetic therapy devices and
frequencies to treat patients. The equipment delivered
frequencies on either one or two channels. When two channels
were used one channel delivered a frequency thought to
address a specific tissue; and the other channel delivered
one that was thought to neutralize a specific condition or
pathology. There were thousands of physicians using these
therapies to treat patients and doing research and sharing
the effects of frequencies in articles and books. The
Electromedical Society and its journal, Electromedical
Digest were founded by Dr. Albert Abrams a medical physician
in San Francisco.
The equipment used in the
1920’s was not battery operated DC microcurrent. The old
devices plugged into the wall and used wall current which at
that time was more likely to be direct current than AC. AC
current did not come into universal use until a number of
years later.
In 1934, the American
Medical Association in the person of Maurice Fishbein
declared that electromagnetic therapies were “unscientific”
and that drugs and surgery were the future of medicine and
that any physician who used electromagnetic therapies would
lose their license to practice medicine, which at that time
was granted by the AMA not the government. Electromagnetic
treatments and research gradually declined. The equipment
stopped being manufactured and by the mid-1950’s was removed
from the market by the FDA.
The frequencies were still
available in books and articles and in the manuals that came
with the old devices.
In 1994, Carolyn McMakin,
DC began using frequencies obtained from Dr. Harry Van
Gelder, a retired osteopath on her family and on volunteer
patients and friends. Once it was determined that a
frequency producing no benefit also produced no harm, they
were used on Dr. McMakin’s chiropractic patients to see if
any positive effects could be observed. The results were
immediate and fascinating.
The frequencies appeared
to do exactly what they were alleged to do as described on
the list. The frequency said to “decrease inflammation”,
reduced redness and swelling but had no other effect. The
frequency to “reduce scar tissue” increased range of motion
and softened tissue but had no effect on inflammation,
redness or swelling. The frequency to stop bleeding reduced
bleeding in the menses and reduced or eliminated bruising if
used immediately after an injury or surgery but had no
effect on inflammation, scar tissue or range of motion.
Eventually frequencies were added from the writings of Dr.
Albert Abrams and from a list obtained from Dr. McWilliams.
After treating patients
and observing these effects for over a year Dr. McMakin
first taught the technique in January 1997 to determine
whether the effects were reproducible. Did the technique
actually have a real effect or was this some apparent effect
produced by the patient’s mind or reaction to something else
in the clinic environment? By June of 1997 it was apparent
that students were achieving the same results as Dr. McMakin
especially in the treatment of myofascial pain from trigger
points. In 1998, frequency combinations were first used to
successfully treat nerve pain such as sciatica caused by
disc injuries. Only one frequency combination was effective
in reducing nerve pain. In 1999 one frequency combination
was found to eliminate the full body pain associated with
fibromyalgia caused by spine trauma. Those cases were
published in 2005 in a peer reviewed article titled,
“Cytokine changes in fibromyalgia associated with cervical
trauma”.
Classes continue to be
taught around the US and in Ireland so that practitioners
can bring these effects and the relief they create to
patients.
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What are
frequencies? And how are they used in FSM?
Frequencies are pulses per second measured in hertz. They
can be sound waves or electronic pulses. The frequencies
used in FSM are electromagnetic pulses used on two channels
firing at the same time. The frequencies are delivered using
a ramped square wave that includes high frequency harmonics
to create the square wave. The makes the frequencies more
accurately pulses rather than the pure frequencies achieved
with a sine wave generator. Most microcurrent devices use
square wave pulses because they have been observed to be
more effective clinically.
The frequency thought to
address or neutralize the condition is put on channel A. The
frequency thought to address the tissue is put on channel B.
The frequencies used in FSM are all less than 1000 Hz. There
are frequencies from the list alleged to address over 200
conditions from very common conditions like “inflammation”,
“scar tissue”, “mineral deposits” and “toxicity” to very
unusual and hard to document conditions like “polio virus”,
“trauma” and congestion. There can be no claims made for the
effects of the frequencies until research has documented
their effects. All that can be said is that use of this or
that frequency had this observed effect in this patient with
a certain condition.
There are a few
frequencies that are used as A/B pairs. A is not a
condition, B is not a tissue but the combination of the two
frequencies appears to have a therapeutic effect. There is
one such frequency combination that takes away shingles
pain. When this combination is used before the blisters
break out for an hour a day for three days the pain is gone
in 20 minutes and the blisters never break out. When this
combination is used for two hours on active shingles, after
the blisters appear, it eliminates the pain and shortens the
course from the normal 6 weeks to four to five days. The
pain never returns. Shingles is the only thing this
frequency combination is good for and, so far, there has not
been a patient who did not respond in the expected way.
Dr. McMakin didn’t develop
the frequencies. The frequencies were developed between 1910
and 1934 by medical and osteopathic physicians using an
entirely different machine and system of treatment. The
frequencies are used clinically; the effects are documented
in chart notes and serve as a basis for development of
protocols that appear to be effective for different clinical
conditions. The protocols are taught during FSM seminars and
then it is determined if the effects are reproducible based
on feedback from practitioners. There are four peer reviewed
published papers documenting the effects in the treatment of
myofascial pain from trigger points, neuropathic pain from
fibromyalgia associated with spine trauma and delayed onset
muscle soreness.
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What can
these machines treat?
The machines, approved as TENS devices, can only provide
symptomatic relief of pain. The current can increase ATP
production as shown in the peer reviewed article published
by Ngok Cheng in 1982.
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Is FSM
scientific?
There can be no claims made for the diagnosis or treatment
of any medical condition using frequencies. Science is a
method of study not a body of information or a viewpoint. In
any scientific endeavor an objective trained observer can
make observations of effects. All science starts with
observation of a phenomenon and then asks whether the
phenomena can be measured and whether it is reproducible and
predictable. The scientific method finally sets out to
measure and observe the phenomena in a controlled fashion
eliminating every other possibility for the observed effect
besides the hypothesized mechanism being studied. FSM is in
the early stages of this process. The phenomena are physical
changes in biological tissue observed to occur only in
response to certain specific frequency combinations applied
with a microcurrent device delivering square wave pulses on
two channels simultaneously. There are certain frequencies
that produce effects that can be objectively measured, that
are reproducible by any trained practitioner treating the
same condition in a hydrated patient and that are
predictable. Controlled trials are planned to finally
confirm the frequency specific response.
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What can the
frequencies treat?
The frequencies appear to change a variety of conditions and
tissues and change pain and function in a large number of
clinical conditions. FSM is especially effective at treating
nerve and muscle pain, inflammation and scar tissue. There
is a kind of fibromyalgia associated with spine trauma that
is particularly painful and difficult to treat even with
narcotics. There is one frequency combination, and only one
frequency combination, that has been observed to eliminate
pain in patients with this condition. Shingles responds very
well to only one frequency combination that eliminates the
pain in 20 minutes and causes the lesions to dry up and
disappear in approximately two to three days. There is one
frequency combination that so far has been 100% effective in
eliminating kidney stone pain. This frequency combination
does nothing to remove the stone; it only eliminates the
pain. The frequencies have created observed effects in
asthma, liver dysfunction (reducing elevated liver enzymes),
irritable bowel and many other conditions. It has been
observed that patients who are treated within four hours of
a new injury including auto accidents and surgeries have
much reduced pain and a greatly accelerated healing process.
Frequency Specific
Seminars makes no claims about the use of frequencies in the
diagnosis and treatment of any condition. The frequencies
appear to have beneficial affects when used in a clinical
setting as an adjunct to appropriate medical diagnosis and
treatment. More research is needed to document specific
effects.
There are no guarantees
that any protocol is going to be effective in any given
patient on any given condition. In general, the frequencies
either work or don’t work and if they don’t work they simply
have no effect. In the seminars, physicians are advised to
use good judgment and use FSM as an adjunct to appropriate
medical diagnosis and treatment. As long as appropriate
proven therapies are not delayed or withheld, FSM can be
very helpful. Every practitioner is trained in the concept
that FSM is to be used as an adjunct to therapeutics
appropriate to their discipline for the patient after proper
diagnosis. The FSM motto is “Can’t hurt; might help.”
It is NOT recommended that
the frequencies be used to treat cancer. The condition is
too serious and too complicated to be addressed with this
technique. Dr. Arlene Lennox of Fermi Labs in Chicago
published a paper showing that patients treated for scar
tissue following neutron therapy for cancer that still had
active tumor during the microcurrent treatment with Acuscope
device had no increase in tumor growth and actually
tolerated radiation therapy with fewer side effects.
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What is a
frequency protocol? What does a frequency protocol do?
Frequency protocols are sequences of frequencies observed to
have a certain clinical effect in various conditions as
determined in Dr. McMakin’s practice and by input from other
FSM practitioners. The sequences of frequencies are taught
in the FSM seminars and the students are provided with a
summary sheet of frequencies and the most common protocols
for conditions found to be successfully treated. The most
commonly effective and useful protocols have been
pre-programmed into an automated microcurrent unit that
sequences through frequencies automatically for unattended
in office care. There are no claims made for the
effectiveness of the frequency protocols. They are to be
used so that the effects can be observed in clinical
practice.
For example the question,
“Does this frequency combination reduce inflammation in the
liver?” the only truly honest answer is, “That has not been
determined with certainty.” It can only be said that when
these particular frequency combinations are applied to the
right upper quadrant of the abdomen for a period of 30 to 60
minutes the liver becomes non tender instead of tender and
seriously elevated liver enzymes have been reduced into the
normal range within hours instead of days or weeks. This
phenomenon has been observed in multiple patients, treated
by different physicians in different areas. It is now
thought to be reproducible as demonstrated by objective
measurement of liver enzymes. More study is required before
any definite statement can be made.
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Frequency
Specific Animal Research
The frequency thought to “reduce inflammation in the immune
system” was studied in an animal research laboratory at
University of Sydney in Australia by Dr. Vivienne Reeve.
Arachadonic acid was painted on the ears of hairless mice.
Arachadonic acid causes inflammation mediated by
lipoxygenase prostaglandin pathways and causes swelling.
This animal model is an accepted way to study inflammation
and has been used to study virtually every anti-inflammatory
drug or therapy. The frequency combination reduced swelling
by 62% in four minutes in every animal tested with everyone
in the lab blinded and as tested against a placebo
frequency. Prescription and non-prescription drugs tested in
this animal model reduced swelling by 45%. Placebo frequency
had no effect on swelling. None of the three other frequency
combinations tested in this animal model reduced
inflammation at all. The frequency response was
time-dependent. 50% of the effect was present at 2 minutes,
100% of the effect was present at 4 minutes and further time
spent on the frequency had no additional effect. This is the
only frequency combination that has been studied in an
animal model but the effects and the implications are
important.
In an additional animal
trial, myristeal stearate was painted on the mouse’s ears
creating inflammation and swelling in a COX (cycloxygenase)
mediated inflammatory pathway. The frequency to “reduce
inflammation in the skin” had no effect on swelling at all.
It was equivalent to placebo. The frequency combination
thought to “reduce inflammation in the immune system”
reduced COX mediated inflammation by 30% in a four minute
time dependent response as compared to placebo. This
reduction in swelling is equivalent to that created by the
prescription injectable drug Toridol when it was tested in
this animal model.
Sunburn creates swelling
and inflammation. The mice were exposed to UV light
sufficient to create sunburn and swelling. One group was not
treated, one group was treated immediately and one group was
treated at 2 hours after exposure. The untreated group had
the expected swelling. The group treated immediately had a
slight but not statistically significant reduction in
swelling when measured at 21, 23, 25 and 27 hours after
exposure. The group treated at 2 hours had a statistically
significant reduction in swelling (p>.01).
One way of measuring
immune system response is to expose it to a chemical to
which it should normally develop an allergic reaction and
then treat the system in some way and see if the immune
response upon re-exposure is the same or different after the
intervention. Sunburn suppresses immune system allergy
responses. Mice exposed to a sensitizing chemical, oxazalone,
normally swell by 30 units of measurement when re-exposed to
the chemical two weeks after the first application. Mice
that are sunburned but not treated swell only 11 units
indicating an immune response suppression of 63.4%. Mice
that were treated with FSM at 2 hours, with the best
reduction in sunburn swelling, had 13 units of swelling upon
second exposure to oxazalone indicating immune suppression
of 57.48%. Mice that were treated immediately with FSM, who
had only a slight reduction in burn swelling, had 21 units
of swelling when re-exposed to oxazalone two weeks after the
burn and FSM treatment. This represents a reduction of
immune system suppression from 63.4% to 31.05%. Of all of
the FSM human and animal data this is the most impressive
and fascinating. A single four minute exposure to a
frequency combination caused a permanent change in immune
system function as measured two weeks after the treatment.
This experiment has not been repeated but Dr. Reeve is the
top in her field and certifies that the research was carried
out to the highest laboratory standards of animal testing.
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Overview of
FSM Seminars
Frequency Specific Microcurrent (FSM) has been taught in
seminars since 1997. FSM is now taught as a three day course
available for 24 hours of continuing education credit for
many disciplines in most states and it is available on DVD.
Practitioners are advised to check with their board if
continuing education course credit is important to them. The
course has been taught to chiropractic, naturopathic,
osteopathic and medical physicians, physical therapists,
acupuncturists, occupational therapists and massage
therapists and the assistants who function in their
practices.
The course includes
lecture time and 9 hours of hands on practice time. The
lecture includes the frequencies, frequency protocols,
research data and conceptual framework within which the
observed and documented FSM effects can be used and
explained. The conceptual framework comes from physics,
biophysics and thermodynamics but is structured in lay
terms. The frequencies and treatment protocols for
myofascial pain, disc, facet and nerve pain are taught on
the first day. The protocols and frequencies for treating
new injuries, the nervous system and visceral conditions and
emotional issues are taught on the second and third days.
FSM effects are very
specific to the condition and require an accurate clinical
diagnosis to be optimally effective. The course includes
refreshers for the accurate diagnosis of discogenic and
facet generated pain, neuropathic pain and ligamentous
laxity, myofascial trigger points caused by overuse, joint
dysfunction and visceral referral.
The 9 hours of practical
sessions include how to use the protocols to treat pain
complaints in various body parts. The treatment method and
application is different than any other way of treating
muscular pain for example because the contacts are placed in
such a way as to allow frequencies and current to flow
through the tissue being treated and pressure is used only
to move the tissue while the frequency is breaking up the
scar tissue.
There are twelve seminars
in 2010 in every region of the country. Shannon Goossen,
LMT, AP is teaching the East coast seminars. Vanessa Cayle,
PT is teaching the Midwest seminars and Dr. McMakin is
teaching the West coast seminars. The core seminar is also
available in Ireland. Denise Curtis MSc PT is teaching the
Irish seminar at the National Training Centre (ntc.ie) in
Dublin and is held over two weekends. The Core seminar is
available on DVD, and we are discussing providing the
seminar online and setting up practical sessions around the
country with trained instructors.
Once a year, there is a
two day 16 hour advanced course that provides the complete
list of frequencies and protocols not taught in the Core
seminar. In the afternoon there are 90 minute advanced
in-depth workshops presented by various expert practitioner
faculty. Every other year on this same weekend, there is a
two day International Symposium with guest lecturers and
presentations by practitioners sharing case reports and
research findings and workshops for both diagnosis and
treatment. And every other year on the two days following
the symposium there is an instructor training for people
wishing to be considered as instructors for the practical
sessions.
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Who can take
the training and use FSM on patients?
Anyone who has enough medical background to understand and
benefit from the course can attend. In order to practice FSM
and purchase and use the equipment they must have a license
that allows them to use electrical stimulation or does not
restrict them from using electrical stimulation on patients
or must work for someone who has such a license. The course
is geared toward medical, chiropractic, osteopathic and
naturopathic physicians, acupuncturists and physical
therapists and the assistants who function in all of these
clinical settings.
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Are there
any risks or dangers to the practitioner or to the patient?
Dr. McMakin has been using FSM since 1994 and various
practitioners have been using it since 1997. There have been
no permanent adverse effects attributable to the use of the
microcurrent units or to the use of the frequencies. There
are two effects to be considered- the effect of the current
and the effect of the frequencies. The practitioner is
protected from the current by wearing latex gloves and is
therefore not affected by the current. The practitioner is
in the field created by the frequencies and the resonance
effect experienced by the patient. This field can be
perceived by some practitioners and is either pleasant or
bothersome depending on the practitioner’s ability to
process the sensations.
The sensation is usually
perceived as being “light or floaty” and lasts only as long
as the practitioner is using a frequency that is producing a
positive effect on the patient. In every class there is a
bell shaped curve of sensitivity to this sensation. 10% of
the class will not feel anything at all in response to the
frequencies. 10% of the class will feel a strong sensation
of being “floaty or light headed (not dizzy) or slightly
“stoned”. The rest of the class will have perceptions
someplace in between those two groups. Patients fall into
roughly the same bell shaped curve of sensitivity. The
“floaty feeling” response occurs not as a result of any
particular frequency but in response to any frequency that
resonates with the patient’s condition.
There are no risks to the
patient that we know about as long as the practitioner
follows the proper contraindications and precautions
associated with both FSM and the use of microcurrent. There
are frequencies used to remove scar tissue that should not
be used with 6 weeks of the time of a new injury. Sometimes
when muscles are successfully treated range of motion
increases so much that joints and nerves can become
temporarily painful until range of motion goes back down.
Practitioners are aware of these possible reactions and are
advised to warn patients about them. After muscles are
treated there is sometimes a detoxification reaction that
occurs 90 minutes after treatment similar to that seen with
massage therapy. This can be lessened by having the patient
drink water and take an anti-oxidant combination supplement.
The warnings and contraindications appropriate to TENS
devices are taught as part of the practicum sessions and
reinforced during the lecture.
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FSM and
pregnancy
Practitioners are taught during the seminar that FSM should
not be used on patients known to be pregnant. TENS devices
are not to be used to run current through a pregnant uterus
but FSM carries and additional self-imposed recommendation
that FSM not be used once a woman is known to be pregnant.
No problems have ever been observed in a patient treated who
was found later to have been pregnant at the time of
treatment so the recommendation is based on prudence rather
than negative experience.
The dramatic reductions in
cytokines and prostaglandins seen with use of certain
frequencies may have an unpredictable effect on the
prostaglandins required to maintain a pregnancy. The
dramatic order of magnitude changes in neuropeptides seen in
the treatment of fibromyalgia from spine trauma may have an
unintended effect on a developing fetal nervous system once
the fetal nervous system is developed beyond 8 weeks, the
time at which most women know they are pregnant.
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Is there
anyone who does not benefit from FSM?
Patients who are dehydrated cannot benefit from FSM. It has
been observed that patients who are dehydrated. Athletes
with large muscle mass and inadequate water intake and
patients over 70 who are chronically dehydrated have the
most problems. Every patient is advised to drink at least
one quart of water in the one hour preceding treatment.
Patients who are chronically dehydrated may need more water
over several days prior to their treatments.
No technique is 100%
effective and FSM is no exception. The effectiveness of FSM
depends almost entirely on an accurate diagnosis. Shoulder
pain can come from muscles, tendons, bursa, discs, nerves or
joints. FSM will treat all of these pain generators
effectively. But, if you are treating for muscle and the
shoulder pain is from nerves or the bursa you may change the
muscle but you wont change the patients pain since it is
not coming from the muscle. This analogy applies to every
condition.
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What machine
do you use for FSM?
The manufacturers and
distributors of the equipment used in the FSM courses are
completely separate from FSM and are not involved in
Frequency Specific Seminars or in the teaching of uses of
frequencies. The frequencies have to be delivered by some
sort of electromagnetic device that supplies current. These
devices are categorized as TENS devices and as such are only
approved for and used in the treatment of pain. Most of the
applications of frequencies are for pain which is consistent
with the approved use of the devices. But the effects of
biological resonance and frequencies have nothing to do with
the devices or their approved uses.
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What is the
difference between the microcurrent and a laser?
Microcurrent provides electrons and in published studies
increases ATP production in cells. Lasers provide photons. I
am not aware of any research suggesting that laser treatment
increases ATP production. Lasers oscillate at set
frequencies and provide beneficial results but usually only
provide one frequency at a time instead of the dual
frequencies used in FSM treatment. Lasers provide whatever
benefits they provide by some other mdethod than frequency
specific resonance and ATP enhancement.
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What is the
difference between microcurrent and TENS?
Microcurrent is approved in the category of TENS devices by
the FDA. TENS devices deliver milliamp current and block
pain messages that are tying to get up the spine to the
brain. Microcurrent delivers subsensory microamperage
current, 1000 times less than milli-amperage current, which
has been shown in published studies to increase ATP
production in tissues.
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What is the
difference between microcurrent and ultra sound?
Ultra sound creates ultrasonic vibrations and creates heat
by vibrating the water molecules in the tissue. It does not
provide current nor does it change ATP status. It provides
beneficial results by these mechanisms but it is just
completely different than microcurrent.
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